Herbal Textual Research on Forsythiae Fructus in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In this paper， the name， origin， medicinal properties， specifications， clinical efficacy， producing area， quality evaluation and processing methods of Forsythiae Fructus in the famous classical formulas are researched by consulting related herbal literature， medical books and prescription books. The results showed that Forsythiae Fructus was sourced from Hypericum ascyron and its genus plants before Song dynasty， and it is used as medicine in many parts. After Song dynasty， Forsythiae Fructus is sourced from the fruit of Forsythia suspensa. Since the Ming dynasty， Forsythiae Fructus is divided into Qingqiao and Laoqiao according to different harvesting time. According to the research results， it is suggested to refer to the following suggestions for the application of Forsythiae Fructus in the development of famous classical formulas：①F. suspensa should be chosen as the origin since the Ming and Qing dynasties. ②If there is no special requirement for the source of prescriptions， it is recommended that Laoqiao be used in famous classical formulas since the Ming and Qing dynasties. ③The harvest time of Qingqiao should be from July 15th to August 15th， and Laoqiao should be in September， and it should be the husk after the seeds have been removed.

Application of fiber photometry in neuroscience research / 生理学报

In recent years, fiber photometry has been widely used in the field of neuroscience as an important technique for recording the activity of neurons in the specific nuclei of freely moving animal. This review summarized the application of single-channel, multi-channel, and multi-color fiber photometry techniques in the neuroscience research of cognition, behavior, psychology and neurological diseases. In addition, it briefly introduced the applications of fiber photometry combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging technology, and fiber photometry combined with probe technology in the neuroscience research.

Effect of Daizongfang on Insulin Resistance of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Induced by Different Methods / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Daizongfang （DZF） on insulin resistance （IR） of adipocytes induced by different methods. Method:The cocktail induction method was adopted to induce the differentiation and maturity of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. An IR model in mature adipocytes was established by the induction of palmitic acid （PA）， high-concentration glucose （HG）， and dexamethasone （DEX）. DZF extracts at different concentrations （2.0， 0.5， 0.1 g·L^-1） intervened for 24 hours. A model group， a rosiglitazone （RSG） group， and a blank control group were set up at the same time. The glucose concentration in the culture supernatant was measured by the glucose oxidase-peroxidase （GOD-POD） method. Glucose consumptions under basic conditions （G_Basic） and insulin stimulation （G_Ins） were calculated to evaluate the insulin sensitivity index （ISI）. The mRNA expression of glucose transporter 4 （GLUT4） was detected by the real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Result:Compared with the model group， the DZF （2.0 g·L^-1） showed increased G_Basic， G_Ins， and ISI in three IR models （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. In addition， for the PA-induced IR model， G_Basic and G_Ins in the DZF （0.5 g·L^-1） group were elevated （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and G_Basic， G_Ins， and ISI in the RSG group increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. For the HG-induced IR model， G_Ins and ISI increased in the DZF （0.5 g·L^-1） group （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and G_Basic， G_Ins， and ISI were elevated in the RSG group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. For the DEX-induced IR model， G_Ins and ISI increased in the RSG group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. In the three models， there were differences among groups with different doses. G_Basic， G_Ins， and ISI in the high-dose DZF group increased in varying degrees compared with those in the medium- and low-dose DZF groups （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. In the three models， the DZF （2.0 g·L^-1） group and the RSG group both increased GLUT4 mRNA expression （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:DZF can reduce IR of adipocytes induced by HG， DEX， or PA in a dose-dependent manner and increase glucose uptake in an insulin-independent manner， which may be related to the increase in GLUT4 expression.

Phenolic constituents from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne / 中国中药杂志

The phenolic constituents of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne were investigated by various column chromatographic methods including silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,ODS and preparative HPLC,and their chemical structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses. Thirteen phenolic compounds were isolated and elucidated,including five flavonoids: luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),chrysoeriol 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),chrysoeriol(5); and eight lignans:(-)-secoisolariciresinol(6),acanthosessilin A(7),(-)-nortrachelogenin(8),(+)-isolariciresinol(9),sesamin(10),syringaresinol(11),(+)-epipinoresinol(12),and [3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-6,6'-dimethoxy-3,3'-bi-2 H-benzopyran]-4,4'-diol(13). Compounds 1, 3, 5-8, 10, 11 and 13 were obtained from the plants of W. chamaedaphne for the first time,and compounds 1,5,7,10 and 13 were obtained from the Wikstroemia genus for the first time.

Five-year Clinical Outcomes of CAD Patients Complicated with Diabetes after StentBoost-optimized Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To evaluate the instant effects and five-year clinical outcomes of coronary artery disease patients complicated with diabetes mellitus after StentBoost-optimized percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods From March 2009 to July 2010, 184 patients undergoing PCI at our hospital were found stent underexpansion or malapposition by StentBoost after stents implantation and were divided into the diabetic (=73, 39.67%) and the non-diabetic group (=111, 60.33%). All patients received StentBoost-guided post-dilatation after stent implantation. The instant procedural results were measured and clinical outcome after five-year follow-up was analyzed in each group. Between-group comparisons were performed using Chi-square test or Student's test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to reveal the independent predictors for long-term clinical outcomes of StentBoost-optimized PCI . Results After StentBoost-guided post-dilatation, the minimum diameter (MinLD), maximum diameter (MaxLD) and average diameter in both groups increased significantly than before (<0.001), the (MaxLD-MinLD)/MaxLD ratio and the in-stent residual stenosis decreased accordingly (<0.001). The five-year follow-up showed similar mortality rate (4.92% . 2.86%, =0.67) and major adverse cardiac event rate (11.48% . 11.43%, = 1.0) between the diabetic and the non-diabetic group, whereas the recurrence of angina pectoris was higher in the diabetic group compared to the non-diabetic group (47.54% . 29.52%; =0.02). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age and left ventricular ejection fraction rather than diabetes mellitus were independent predictors for long-term clinical outcomes. Conclusions StentBoost could effectively improve instant PCI results; the long-term clinical outcomes of StentBoost-optimized PCI were similar between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Age and left ventricular ejection fraction were the independent predictors for long-term clinical outcomes.

Relationship Between Lung Ultrasound B Line and NT-proBNP, E/e' for Evaluating Pulmonary Edema in Acute Heart Failure Patients / 中国循环杂志

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between lung ultrasound B line and NT-proBNP, E/e' in order to explore the accuracy of B lines for diagnosing pulmonary edema in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Methods: A total of 124 AHF patients admitted in out hospital from 2016-02 to 2017-02 were enrolled. According to the number of B line, patients were divided into 3 groups: Mild pulmonary edema group, patients with B line<15, Moderate pulmonary edema group, 15≤B line<30 and Severe pulmonary edema group, B line≥30. Basic clinical condition and echocardiography parameters were compared among 3 groups; relationships between B line and NT-proBNP, E/e', EF, pulmonary artery pressure were analyzed respectively; the sensitivity and specificity for B-line diagnosing NT-proBNP≥5000 pg/ml and E/e'≥14 were evaluated by ROC curve analysis. Results: Compared with Mild and Moderate pulmonary edema groups, Severe pulmonary edema group had the severer NYHA grade, more wet rale, higher NT-proBNP level and more chest X-ray of pulmonary congestion, P<0.05. Compared with Mild pulmonary edema group, Moderate and Severe pulmonary edema groups had decreased LVEF, P<0.05; Severe pulmonary edema group showed increased diastolic function such as elevated E/A, pulmonary artery pressure and E/e',P<0.05.B line was positively related to NT-proBNP,E/e'and pulmonary artery pressure,negatively related to EF.B line had the best correlation to NT-proBNP (r=0.803, P<0.001), the next was E/e'(r=0.794, P<0.001) and the worst was pulmonary artery pressure (r=0.330, P<0.001). The cutoff values of B line for diagnosing NT-proBNP≥5000pg/ml and E/e'≥14 were both 30, the AUC of ROC=0.823 and 0.768 respectively. Conclusions: Lung ultrasound B line had good correlation to NT-proBNP and E/e', which could accurately assess the pulmonary edema in AHF patients.

Juncus inhibits osteoclast formation induced by RANKL / 天津医药

Objective To observe the effect of Juncus effuses on osteoclasts differentiation from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) induced by receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL), and its mechanism thereof. Methods BMMs were isolated from whole bone marrow of 8-week-old C57/BL6 mice, and CCK-8 was used to detect the effect of Juncus on BMMs cell proliferation. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to show that 50 μg/L RANKL and 30 μg/L macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) stimulated the BMMs differentiation into osteoclasts, but the process was inhibited by Juncus (0, 6.25, 12.5 and 25 μmol/L). RT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of osteoclast-specific genes including calcitonin receptor (CTR), vacuolated H+triphosphate transporter -d2 (V-ATPase-d2) and -a3 (V-ATPase-a3), activated T nuclear factor 1 (NFATC1) and C-FOS. Results There was no inhibition in the proliferation of BMMs cells treated with Juncus less than 12.5 μmol/L detected by CCK-8. The 50 μg/L RANKL can induce BMMs differentiated into positive multinuclear giant cells detected by TRAP staining, but Juncus significantly inhibited osteoclast formation with a concentration dependence. The results of RT-PCR experiment showed that Juncus inhibited the expression of specific genes in osteoclast differentiation in concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion Juncus can inhibit osteoclast formation in concentration-dependent manner, resulting from the inhibitory effect on osteoclast specific gene expression.

The effects of different concentrations of crocin on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL)–induced osteoclastogenesis / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of crocin on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis using the monocyte-macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Methods The monocyte-macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was cultured routinely.After treatment with 0,6.25,12.5,25, 50,100,200 and 400 μmol/L crocin,cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to analyze the viability of RAW264.7 cells to screen out the appropriate experimental concentration. RAW264.7 cells were induced by RANKL (100 ng/L) to form osteoclasts. After treated with 0, 12.5, 50 and 100 μmol/L crocin respectively, the number of osteolasts was counted by tatrate resistant acid phosphatasec (TRAP) staining. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of calcitonin receptor(CTR),nuclear factor of active T cells 1(NFATC1),C-fos and TRAP.Results No significant effects of crocin (within 0-100 μmol/L) were found on the viability of RAW264.7 cells (P>0.05). However, When crocin concentration was over 100 μmol/L,the cell proliferation was decreased,and which showed a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation (P<0.05). Thus, 0-100 μmol/L crocin was selected as the experiment concentration. The amount of differentiated osteolasts and the expression levels of CTR,NFATC1,C-fos and TRAP mRNA were decreased significantly with the increased concentrations of crocin(P<0.05).Conclusion At a certain concentration(0-100 μmol/L),the higher levels of crocin could inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.

Optimization of method for determination of Forsythia Fructus and discussion on the establishment of quality control standard for green (old) Forsythia Fructus / 中国中药杂志

In order to obtain the optimum method for content determination of Forsythia Fructus (FF), a variety methods for the sample preparation of FF were evaluated by the content determination methods of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. And an optimum method was screened and as follows: 30 times with 70% ethanol solution in ultrasonic extractor for half an hour. The method can achieve the best effect of simultaneously extracting forsythoside A and forsythin. Then, a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of forsythoside A and forsythin was established by methodology. The HPLC chromatographic conditions: the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0.4% acetic acid solution (B) with gradient elution [0-33 min，15%A，33-43 min，15%-25%A，43-60 min，25% A] was at the flow rate of 1 mL·min⁻¹, the column temperature was 25 °C, and the detection wavelength was 330 and 277 nm. Moreover, the contents of forsythoside A and forsythin for 10 Green Forsythia Fructus (GF) and 5 Old Forsythia Fructus (OF) were determined by this method and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The result not only displayed that the established method is effective, rapid, and simple, but also showed that the contents of forsythoside A and forsythin for GF and OF were significantly different. Which implied that the forsythoside A and forsythin limit standard for GF and OF should be controled by different values. This studies provide an important basis for the establishment of the content determination of FF and the quality control standard for GF and OF.

Biological activity and hydroxy safflor yellow A content of intermediates in preparation of Safflower Injection / 中国中药杂志

In order to investigate the effect of various production processes on the quality of Safflower Injection, the biological activities of the intermediates were evaluated by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation in vitro. Intermediates were produced by key processes, such as extraction, concentration, twice alcohol precipitation, water sedimentation and two sterilizations during the production of Safflower Injection. The content of main chemical components in intermediates was determined by HPLC. The results showed that with the advance of the preparation process of Safflower Injection, the inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate of each intermediate decreased gradually, and the trend of extending APTT activity decreased first and then increased. Meanwhile, the content of hydroxy safflor yellow A (HSYA) was gradually lowered, the content of p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid was increased, and new chemical component p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was produced. In conclusion, sterilization played a key role in the biological activity and HSYA content of Safflower injection.

Screening, identification and activity evaluation of pancreatic lipase inhibition in Prunella vulgaris / 中国中药杂志

Pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitors were firstly screened from Prunella vulgaris with PL immobilized on carboxylic acid-terminated magnetic nanoparticles, then these possible inhibitors were identified by LC-MS/MS and mixed standards. Finally, their inhibitory effects and types on PL were tested by p-nitrophenol method. The results showed that four PL inhibitors were screened out from P. vulgaris and confirmed by LC-MS/MS and mixed standards. The IC₅₈ and inhibition types were as follows: caffeic acid [(252.3±3.6) mg·L⁻¹, anti-competitive inhibition], rutin [(91.2±1.6)mg·L⁻¹, competitive inhibition], hesperidin [(31.5±4.4) mg·L⁻¹, competitive inhibition] and ursolic acid [(41.3±2.2) mg·L⁻¹, competitive inhibition]. Their inhibitive types and abilities on PL were related to their molecular size, hydrophobicity and the number of hydrogen bond with PL triplet.

Simultaneous determination of four coumaroylspermidine constituents in Carthamus tinctorius by HPLC-DAD / 中国中药杂志

The HPLC-DAD method was established to simultaneously determine the contents of four coumaroylspermidine[ N1, N5, N10-(Z)-tri-p-coumaroylspermidine (1), N1, N5-(Z)-N10-(E)-tri-p-coumaroylspermidine (2), N1(E)-N5-(Z)-N10-(E)-tri-p-coumaroylspermidine (3), and N1, N5, N10-(E)-tri-p-coumaroyl-spermidine (4) ] in Carthamus tinctorius. The method was performed on an Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) eluted with 47% methanol in an isocratic program. The flow rate was 1 mL•min⁻¹; the injection volume was 10 μL, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The detective wavelength was 270, 280, 290, and 300 nm, respectively. Four coumaroylspermidine constituents showed a good linearity in the range of 0.002 1-0.041 6 (r=0.999 5), 0.002 6-0.051 2 (r=0.999 7), 0.002 7-0.054 0 (r=0.999 8) g•L⁻¹, and 0.005 0-0.100 4 (r=0.999 8) g•L⁻¹, respectively. The average recoveries of these four coumaroylspermidine constituents were in the range of 98.61%-100.9% (RSD 2.3%-3.0%). In conclusion, the method is simple, rapid, and sensitive, which could be used as a quantitative determination method for the four coumaroylspermidine components in C.tinctorius.

Frontolateral Approach Applied to Sellar Region Lesions: A Retrospective Study in 79 Patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Various surgical approaches for the removal of sellar region lesions have previously been described. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and safety of the frontolateral approach (FLA) to remove sellar region lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We presented a retrospective study of 79 patients with sellar region lesions who were admitted and operated by the FLA approach from August 2011 to August 2015 in Department of Neurosurgery of Beijing Tian Tan Hospital. We classified FLA into three types, compared the FLA types to the areas of lesion invasion, and analyzed operation bleeding volume, gross total resection (GTR) rate, visual outcome, and mortality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-nine patients were followed up from 2.9 to 50.3 months with a mean follow-up of 20.5 months. There were 42 cases of meningiomas, 25 cases of craniopharyngiomas, and 12 cases of pituitary adenomas. The mean follow-up Karnofsky Performance Scale was 90.4. GTR was achieved in 75 patients (94.9%). Two patients (2.5%) had tumor recurrence. No patients died perioperatively or during short-term follow-up. Three patients (3.8%) with craniopharyngioma died 10, 12, and 23 months, respectively, after surgery. The operative bleeding volume of this study was no more than that of the other approaches in the sellar region (P = 0.783). In this study, 35 patients (44.3%) had visual improvement after surgery, 38 patients (48.1%) remained unchanged, and three patients' visual outcome (3.8%) worsened.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FLA was an effective approach in the treatment of sellar region lesions with good preservation of visual function. FLA classification enabled tailored craniotomies for each patient according to the anatomic site of tumor invasion. This study found that FLA had similar outcomes to other surgical approaches of sellar region lesions.</p>

Yinxingye Capsule Intervened Vascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis of Hyperhomocysteinemia Rats: an Experimental Study / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore targets of Chinese herbal medicine at cellular and molecular leve1s through an experimental study on Yinxingye Capsule (YC) intervening vascular endothelial cell apoptoeis of hyperhornocysteinemia (HHcy) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The HHcy model was prepared in male Wistar rats. Totally 42 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the control group (n =10), the model group (n = 11), the YC group (n =11), the folic acid group (n =10). Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) solution (1%) was administered to rats in the control group by gastrogavage.3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg was administered to rats in the model group by gastrogavage. 3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg and folic acid suspension at 0. 06 g/kg was administered to rats in the folic acid group by gastrogavage. 3% methionine suspension at 1. 5 g/kg and YC at 0. 02 g/kg was administered to rats in the YC group by gastrogavage. Morphological changes of aortic tissue were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level was detected in each group. The endothelium-dependent diastolic functions of the thoracic aorta on different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetylcholine (Ach) were detected. Gene expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), c-Fos, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pathological results showed that thickening aortic endothelium, swollen and desquamated endothelial cells. Few foam cells could be seen in the model group. Myoma-like proliferation of smooth muscle cells in tunica media could also be seen. These pathological changes were milder in the YC group and the folic acid group. Compared with the control group, plasma Hcy levels increased in the model group (P <0. 05). The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates at 10(-6) and 10(-4)mol/L Ach and 10(-7) -10(-3)mol/L SNP all decreased in the model group (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS increased, but c-IAP2 gene expressions decreased in the model group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, plasma Hcy levels decreased in the YC group and the folic acid group (P <0. 05). The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates increased in the YC group and the folic acid group at various SNP concentrations except 10(-6) mol/L SNP in the folic acid group. The endothelium-dependent diastolic rates increased in the YC group and the folic acid group at 10(-6) and 10(-4)mol/L Ach (all P <0. 05). Gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS decreased in the YC group and the folic acid group, but c-IAP2 gene expression increased in the folic acid group (all P <0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>YC could reduce plasma Hcy levels, down-regulate gene expressions of Bax, c-Fos, and iNOS, thereby reducing apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, improving vascular endothelial function, and delaying atherosclerotic process.</p>

Does Early Postsurgical Temozolomide Plus Concomitant Radiochemotherapy Regimen Have Any Benefit in Newly-diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients? A Multi-center, Randomized, Parallel, Open-label, Phase II Clinical Trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The radiochemotherapy regimen concomitantly employing temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) 4 weeks after surgery, followed by 6 cycles of TMZ is a common treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). However, its median overall survival (OS) is only 14.6 months. This study was to explore the effectiveness and safety of early TMZ chemotherapy between surgery and chemoradiotherapy plus the standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A randomized, parallel group, open-label study of 99 newly diagnosed GBM patients was conducted at 10 independent Chinese neurosurgical departments from June 2008 to June 2012. Patients were treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen plus early postsurgical temozolomide (early TMZ group) or standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen (control group). Overall response was assessed based on objective tumor assessments, administration of corticosteroid and neurological status test. Hematological, biochemical, laboratory, adverse event (AE), and neurological condition were measured for 24 months of follow-up. The primary efficacy endpoint of this study was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median OS time in the early TMZ group was 17.6 months, compared with 13.2 months in the control group (log-rank test P = 0.021). In addition, the OS rate in the early TMZ group was higher at 6, 12, and 18 months than in the control group, respectively (P < 0.05). The median PFS time was 8.7 months in the early TMZ group and 10.4 months in the control group (log-rank test P = 0.695). AEs occurred in 29 (55.8%) and 31(73.8%) patients respectively in early and control groups, including nausea (15.4% vs. 33.3%), vomiting (7.7% vs. 28.6%), fever (7.7% vs. 11.9%), and headache (3.8% vs. 23.8%). Only 30.8% and 33.3% were drug-related, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Addition of TMZ chemotherapy in the early break of the standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen was well tolerated and significantly improved the OS of the GBM patients, compared with standard concomitant radiochemotherapy regimen. However, a larger randomized trial is warranted to verify these results.</p>

Intravascular optical coherence tomography in detecting vulnerable coronary plaque: An update / 第二军医大学学报

Rupture of a vulnerable plaque and the subsequent thrombus formation are the main cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The key to avoid clinical cardiology event is the early detection and prompt management of vulnerable plaques. Many imaging modalities have been introduced to identify thin-capped fibroatheroma (TFCA), but the morphology and the mechanism of vulnerable plaque rupture are still great concern of clinicians. Intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an examination based on cardiac catheter. tt uses near-infrared light to obtain up to 10 μm high-resolution mages, to display the in vivo micro-structure of blood vessll wall. With the development of a new generation of frequency-domain OCT (FD-OCT), OCT will play an active role in TCFA. We reviewed here the studies of TCFA involving OCT.

Functional study of abnormal fibrinogen caused by Arg275His mutation in fibrinogen γ chain / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the function of abnormal fibrinogen in two inherited dysfibrinogenemia pedigrees.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Routine coagulation tests were conducted in the probands and related family members. The antigen and activity levels of fibrinogen were detected by immunoturbidimetry assay and clauss assay, respectively. All the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the three fibrinogen genes and antithrombin gene（AT3）were analyzed by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Routine thrombelastography (TEG) test and functional fibrinogen TEG test were both used to make a comprehensive evaluation of coagulation status and functional fibrinogen level in patients. The molecular weights of the three peptides from fibrinogen were measured by Western blot. The function of abnormal fibrinogen was assessed by fibrinogen dynamic polymerization and fibrinolysis velocity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The coagulation routine tests were normal in two probands except for prolonged thrombin time (TT) and reptilase time (RT), as well as reduced activity levels of 0.5 g/L and 0.6 g/L fibrinogen, respectively. The antigen levels of fibrinogen were 2.32 g/L and 2.66 g/L in two probands, which were in the normal reference range. The genotype analysis showed that Arg275His in fibrinogen γ chain (γ Arg275His) existed in both probands and patients in these two pedigrees. Meanwhile, proband B's grandfather and aunt also carried heterozygote g.5876T>C (Ser116Pro) mutation in AT3. The results of routine TEG test demonstrated that the α values of proband B and his father were close to and lower than the lower limit of reference range, respectively, while the MA values were normal in both of them. However, functional fibrinogen TEG test revealed obviously reduced MA value. All the probands and patients demonstrated prolonged lag-off time and reduced peak value in fibrinogen dynamic polymerization tests. Meanwhile, most of fibrin formed from the patients' plasma could not be dissolved completely by plasminogen (PLG) and urokinase-typeplasminogenactivator (u-PA) at a certain time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We first reported cases of inherited dysgibrinogenemia associated with inherited AT deficiency. γArg275His mutation caused the abnormal fibrinogen in terms of fibrin mono polymerization and possibly in fibrinolysis. Combined use of routine TEG test and functional fibrinogen TEG test with comprehensive analyses of the parameters in both tests could better evaluate the level of functional fibrinogen and predict the risk of hemorrhage and thrombosis in patients with inherited dysfibrinogenemia.</p>

Study on process conditions of Forsytiae Fructus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of different processing methods on the content and biological activity of main chemical constituents of Forsytiae Fructus, in order to provide the basis for rational processing of Forsytiae Fructus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The content of extracts was determined by the extract determination method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The effects of chemical constituents of Forsytiae Fructus under different processing conditions were compared by HPLC method. Furthermore, free radical scavenging DPPH method was used to assess the antioxidation effect, and the antibacterial effect of Forsytiae Fructus was evaluated according to the inhibition effect on staphylococcus aureus.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Considering various factors, the optimum boiling process is that adding six-fold water and boiling for 8 min.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The content and activity of chemical constituents of Forsytiae Fructus are significantly different under different processing conditions.</p>

Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Intraocular Cysticercosis

This study aimed to explore the clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of intraocular cysticercosis due to Taenia solium metacestode infection. Total 8 patients diagnosed with intraocular cysticercosis at the Red Cross Hospital of Yunnan Province, China were examined retrospectively. Patients with clear dioptic media had undergone fundus chromophotography. All patients underwent B ultrasonography of the ocular region (CT) successive scanning of the orbit and cerebral tissues. Parasites were extracted surgically and then examined pathologically. The fundus chromophotography showed a white and condensing scolex package in the vesicle. The B ultrasonic examination showed a vesicle-like echogenic mass in the vitreous chamber, in which the high-level echo spot was the cysticercus scolex. The pathological examinations showed that the vesicle wall exhibited hyaline degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuroglial fiber, and glial cell proliferation layers from the inside to the outside. The scolex is round and is composed of the outer tissue (the body wall) and the inner furrow tissue; these tissues migrated together. Primordially differentiated sucking discs were found in one case, but no hooklets were found. The inner scolex tissue was folded like a paper flower. The severity of intraocular disease is closely correlated with the pathophysiological processes of the cysticercus worm. Pathological examination of the intraocular lesions can help to evaluate the course of the disease as well as to provide a scientific basis for effective antiparasitic medication.

Surveillance of Keshan disease in Wudalianchi city Heilongjiang province in 2009 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To analyze the surveillance results and grasp the situation of Keshan disease in Wudalianchi city Heilongjiang province.Methods In 2009,Kaifa village was selected as the surveillance point in Wudalianchi city,total resident population were monitored by routine clinical examination and 12-lead electrocardiogram(ECG) tracing.Suspected cases with Keshan disease were taken chest X-ray,and Keshan disease was diagnosed based on Keshan Disease Diagnostic Criteria (WS/T 210-2011).Results A total of 795 people were investigated,including 397 males and 398 females.Eighteen people were found to be the patients with Keshan disease,of which 13 cases were latent Keshan patients,5 cases were chronic Keshan patients.The overall detection rate was 2.27％,aged 24 to 83 years old.There was no acute type and subacute type of Keshan disease in the surveillance point.Twenty nine cases of abnormal ECG were detected,the detection rate was 3.65％ (29/795),of which the 18 patients with Keshan disease were all had abnormal ECGs,mainly taken the form of ST-T changes and completely right bundle branch blocked.Six cases of male patients with Keshan disease were detected,the detection rate was 1.52％ (6/397); 12 cases of female patients with Keshan disease were detected,the detection rate was 3.01％ (12/398).Conclusions There is still potential and chronic Keshan disease cases in Wudalianchi city.We must keep on the monitoring on Keshan disease,master the dynamical changes of the disease conditions,and carry out the targeted prevention and control of Keshan disease.